The Goal free essay sample

Do you think that this is an operational methodology or a philosophy? Please explain. The Goal is a management-oriented novel that focuses on the concepts of systems management. The fictional novel focuses around Alex Rogo and the problems in his production plant. The plant is constantly behind schedule and unprofitable. Alex is given three months to turn things around or the plant will be shut down. The Goal introduces the â€Å"Theory of Constraints (TOC)† which is an overall management philosophy that adopts the idiom â€Å"A chain is no stronger than its weakest link†. This emphasizes how organizations and processes are vulnerable because that weakest link can always adversely impact and damage the company. The â€Å"goal† is to make money and anything that assists in doing this is productive, while anything that hinders this is a bottleneck. The Goal goes on to identify bottlenecks (constraints) in the manufacturing process and how identifying them helps reduce impact and allows for controlling the flow of materials. We will write a custom essay sample on The Goal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the main emphasis points throughout is the communication element. Whenever a problem arises the team discusses the problem amongst themselves to find a solution. The discussion process uses five steps to solve any problem: 1. Identify the system’s constraint 2. Decide how to exploit the system’s constraint 3. Subordinate everything else to the prior decisions 4. Elevate the system’s constraint 5. If, in the prior steps, the constraint has been broken, go back to step one. The line between an operational methodology and a philosophy in my opinion is not clear cut black and white. An operational methodology in certain instances can be well defined. Let’s start with a simple example of putting a computer together. The steps could be: †¢ Installing a motherboard †¢ Installing the Processor †¢ Installing the CPU Cooler †¢ †¦.. While not all computers contain the same parts or pieces, from an abstract layer all computers do require a standard set of pieces to run. This high level standard could be the operational methodology for assembling a PC. It would be tough to argue that this is a philosophy. Now if we are to get into more detail and begin discussing processor optimization, this could blur the lines of operational vs philosophy based on proven facts and research. The actual definition of philosophy as stated by Google is â€Å"A set of views and theories of a particular philosopher concerning such study or an aspect of it†. With that being said I do feel that The Goal is abstract enough to be considered an operational methodology. The thesis of The Goal is that the goal of an organization is to increase throughput while simultaneously reducing both inventory and operating expense. That statement can be applied to all businesses. All organizations have some constraints or bottlenecks. Lack of resources and/or resource allocation is one of the most common and challenging constraints organizations face. A good attempt to try and counter argue The Goal would be to look at one of the world’s most profitable companies in Apple. An initial thought might be what possible constraints could such a large and profitable company have. Apple recently set the records for the most valuable company in history with a net worth of $624 billion. However, this has not come without restraints or bottlenecks in the process. One of the major issues Apple has had for a while is in the manufacturing process. At multiple points in time Apple was having difficulties manufacturing enough iPhones to meet the demand. This of course was a constraint on the system and on the bottom line. More recently, Apple has come under fire about its worker treatment in some of its manufacturing plants in China. These constraints have major impacts on the business and Apple is constantly making an effort to identify them and streamline the process. If we can apply The Goal to the world’s most profitable company it seems safe to say that other companies in some shape or form will fall under this umbrella as well. [pic] Fig 1. 0 How to apply Constraint Management to a Production Facility? How about to a Bank? Assume that we can apply constraint management! A production facility seems like the classical example in terms of analyzing the Theory of Constraints. As time has evolved production facilities have become larger, more complicated and depend on technology more than ever. With that said, even the most advanced of processes have at least one constraint (Theory of Constraints principle) and that constraint must be properly managed. Following the 5 step process the first thing we need to do is identify the issues/constraints in the system. This is quite broad and can cover anything from issues with human capital down to bottlenecks in the shipping process. To correctly identify the issue or issues that are holding the facility back, the identification process must be extremely detail-oriented and thorough in the discovery process. Without this full scope analysis simple errors can occur which in turn will lead to unexpected or undesired results. The next steps would be to exploit and subordinate. Once we actually identify the constraint we have to turn the focus to how to get more production within our current capacity limitations. We have to be extremely careful when doing this as exploiting the constraint does not always ensure output on the other end. In today’s day and age one of the most important factors to look at is the technology behind the processes. The key question here in production facility is are we using the technology in our process flow to a maximum capacity. Can we revise our business process with the help of technology to maximize our output? Keep in mind, human capital can be considered part of the process inclusive of technology. A perfect case study in terms of identifying constraints from a broad (internet) perspective is seen in the world’s largest online retailer in Amazon. Amazon started as an online bookstore in 1994. Amazon soon exploited not only a constraint in their own company, but a constraint in sales as a whole. Amazon soon expanded from selling only books to selling electronics, dvds, cds, and the list continued to expand. By creating a one stop shop where a user can buy anything, they found a need in the market and created a monopoly. Studying Amazon’s warehousing and shipping practices further emphasizes their efficiency, but we will leave that detailed discussion for another time. In terms of applying constraint management to a bank, the first steps in a normal climate would to be to identify which department or area has the weakest link. However, the economy has recently gone through some of the toughest times in history and the landscape has changed significantly. Without understanding the climate and market we are currently in, we are bound to get erroneous results from our analysis phase. With the changing landscape also comes changing laws. Many of the fees that banks were once able to assess without monitoring have now been eliminated. This brings to light a major constraint in generating revenue. Banks now have to be more creative in how to generate the lost revenue from the elimination of many fees and interest rate hikes. Once again technology can be the focal point here. In the case of banks which store an abundance of data, technology can really help or hinder revenue generation. From the top down, the use of analyzing data through current technologies can help identify trends and opportunities that exist for optimization. This can be seen through investment opportunities, mortgage rate optimization and even SLA (Service Level Agreement) timeframes. Can we detect bottlenecks? When†¦ Yes †¦ and†¦ When †¦ Not? Explain this. When JIT is better than the Goal? A bottleneck in a process occurs when input comes in faster than the next step can use it to create output. Detecting these bottlenecks however can be very difficult.. When dealing with bottlenecks in a production line, the problem magnifies. The cause can be due to random events (random machine failure) or other changes. A random event failure example in the IT world is a â€Å"system out of memory exception†. This error is known to be a huge constraint at random times in overused systems. The issue with this error is that it happens at random times and thus reproducing can be almost impossible. Before finding the bottleneck the first thing you must do is define the goal of the system you are working on. Simply put, you can’t find the bottleneck if you have no end goal in sight. For most production operations this would be to make money. There are two main types of bottlenecks: [6] 1. Short-term bottlenecks  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ These are caused by temporary problems. A good example is when key team members become ill or go on vacation. No one else is qualified to take over their projects, which causes a backlog in their work until they return. 2. Long-term bottlenecks  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ These occur all the time. An example would be when a companys month-end reporting process is delayed every month, because one person has to complete a series of time-consuming tasks – and he cant even start until he has the final month-end figures. Identifinyg bottlenecks in production are normally easier to find than in a business process. In the production line you can identify which point has the most pile up or which process is taking the longest and pinpoint that process. However, in a business process there are many other factors to consider. As an example let’s consider a director at a software development team. The irector oversees the whole team and is trying to identify what bottlenecks occur in the development process. Let’s assume the team is made of four people. Three of the members are extremely talented however the fourth team member is not pulling his/her weight. You would assume this would come to light but what if the other team members constantly cover for the fourth member and pick up his slack. The work gets done, however production could be much higher if the fourth member was replaced with a more talented member. This bottleneck would be a tough one to detect and may go undetected for a long amount of time. For reasons like this, bottlenecks in a business processes can be very difficult to detect. The Just in Time philosophy is a stagey aimed at improving a business’s ROI by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs. The JIT philosophy evolved out of the production lines of Toyota and Toyota became a competitive threat to the US in the automotive industry. [pic] Fig 2. 0 Just in Time model JIT/lean manufacturing is well suited to repetitive environments such as those for producing automobiles and consumer electronics; however, it is not a panacea for all production companies. 7] JIT is not well suited to the assembly or fabrication firms and also for small batch or job shop operations,. While the Goal focuses on defining the weakest link, JIT concentrates on inventory reduction and exposure of waste. In terms of a business process where human resources are part of the process there could be a common ground between the two theories. Again, consider a process where the weakest link is a team member. In this sense that team member unfortunately could be seen as the â€Å"waste† in that process. With that said it The Goal and TOC have significant contributions in sales, marketing and product development just to name a few. JIT has had a huge impact on other industries such as oil, which is almost purely supply and demand driven. Based on your Recipe (Question 2). Develop a plan to apply theory of constraints to the business case: â€Å"Paediatric Orthopaedic Clinic at the Childrens Hospital of Western Ontario†. By the way where is the Bottleneck in the case study! (to be uploaded – webcourses ucf – on September 7, 2012) The case study makes note of the surveys the customers were given which were written forms that 218 patients filled out. Based on those surveys key data points were introduced. To analyze utilization rates for job functions we divided the hours spent on the process by the total hours available for work from that worker. (Figure 3. 0) [pic] Fig 3. 0 Utilization Rates Going back to our main focus from question #2 in terms of technology, the case study does not give details in terms of the technology systems it uses or whether each department is using the same system. I think this would be an interesting aspect to look at. We are focusing on the process, but we not know the system dynamics behind this. Some interesting questions to ask which are not mentioned: †¢ Do the different departments have effective communication with each other through software? †¢ Are the notes being recorded and shared across all departments? †¢ What are some of the manual processes/ constraints that software could possible help expedite One of the biggest patient complaining points was that of losing money by missing work to take their child to the hospital. A simple but effective solution for that could be to change the hours of operation to either open very early or close very late so the adults can go during their off work hours. Purchasing additional equipment could also help if the clinic’s research shows that the lack of equipment is a constraint. Lastly, the bottlenecks in the process seem to revolve around the analysis of the wait times and the utilization rates. In The Radiology department the patient wait time at 58 minutes is almost double of any other wait time.

Computer Essay

Computer Essay Computer Essay Computer Essay: Essay Writing On Computer When working on a computer essay any number of topics or subject backgrounds may be needed. There are a lot of different ways in essay writing. But, the standard essay always follows the same basic steps. You can find many computer essay examples on different topics in the Internet; however, they all are based on the main rules. Computer Essay: General Tips Select the topic of your essay: State the central idea or thesis of your computer essay. Begin your introduction paragraph with an interesting sentence; write your thesis statement from above. Finish the introduction with a summary or goal statement. In each of the two or three body paragraphs the ideas that were first presented in the introductory paragraph should be developed. Give detailed information and examples. All body paragraphs need to develop the central idea and should finish with a summary of that idea. There should be at least two examples or a few facts in every body paragraph in order to support the central idea. The summary paragraph should summarize your whole essay. Often it is a reverse of the introductory paragraph. Begin your summary paragraph by restating quickly the principal ideas of the body paragraphs. In the penultimate sentence restate the basic thesis of your essay. Your final statement can be a future prediction based on what you have shown in the essay. Computer essay history develops with very quick steps. Computer essay now is the main demand in high schools and colleges. However, writing essays with a help of computers make students life easier. But, anyway, follow our main examples: use strong verbs and avoid modals to state your opinion. Do not apologize for what you are saying. An essay should be about your personal opinion. But never translate from your mother language; it will quickly get you into trouble. However, if you need help with your computer essay writing you can always advertise in a professional custom essay writing services. You will get a professional work, 0% plagiarized before your deadline. Simply leave your topic, list all requirements and you request will be sent to the appropriate person, experienced particularly in this area. Computer Essay: Writing Help Whether you have problems with your computer essay writing, or you are stuck among different ideas and thoughts, or you do not have time for essay writing, you are welcome to become our customer. Please contact us and our professional writers will provide you with a high quality work overnight. Save your time for more important and pleasant things. It is so easy and convenient! Interesting posts: Write a Term Paper Term Papers Medieval Knights Term Papers for Sale Term Papers and Report Term Paper Writing Help

Foucault notions of power and its implications of studying power in Essay

Foucault notions of power and its implications of studying power in international relations - Essay Example are few of the pertinent examples of power play within the society. But Foucault’s concept of power within the international relation becomes vital elements of global politics that has wide ranging implications for world at large (Patton, 1998). In the contemporary times, power within and across nations has emerged as major contentious issue that tends to suppress the wider objectives of democratic principles and sovereignty of nations which are less power powerful in terms of socio-economic, technology and military superiority. He describes it as a relation that is only visible when it is applied or used strategically in a situation to achieve one’s own vested interests (Foucault, 1982; Mills, 2003). Thus, it use or misuse becomes vital ingredients of maintaining one’s status in global political arena. The hegemony of America in global politics is prime example of economic, technological and military power that it applies over other nations. America has used its power either directly like invading Iraq on false pretence or indirectly through leading financial institutions like World Bank, IMF and international agencies like United Nations etc. and forcing developing and under-developed nations to open their markets for foreign business. Thus, Foucault’s concept of power can easily be applied on international

On the movie, The Blind Side Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

On the movie, The Blind Side - Essay Example For instance, Michael was admitted in all white dominated Wingate Christian school where he thought he could not survive because of the segregation and discrimination. The movie also, considers the other side when Leigh Tuohy, a wealthy white woman, adopts Michael Oher. Even though she was white, Tuohy was humane in that she decided to help Michael Oher by inviting him to her all white family where Michael adapts and becomes part of them. In addition, they took Michael Oher to school where he was able to utilize his potential as a great footballer because of his body size and attained much in his life. ‘The blind side’ is centered on selective charity, and concerned with Michael Oher lifestyle. Michael seems grateful, happy, sad, and shy. It is because of these features that Tuohy realizes that Michael possess protective instinct, and utilizes that information to help him discover his abilities. For instance, as footballer, Michael has strong-offensive abilities, which he uses to guard unrecognized opponents in his

CRJS315 U2IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CRJS315 U2IP - Research Paper Example It is the nature of teenagers to be rebellious but has the society asked itself what causes all this. Reported cases of bad behavior and illegal practices are common among juveniles, and this is worrying (BartuschandBurfeind, 2011). Anomie is the scenario where a community does not offer any guidance or direction to the people. This is especially the case for the 21st century where everyone is busy looking for money and self-empowerment while disregarding the general cohesion and togetherness of the community (Welsh and Siegel, 2011). Anomie is caused when a society undergoes rapid changes in its underlying values due to e.g. the emergence of different social classes. When this happens, the general cohesion of the society is weakened leading to different chances for the individuals to access opportunities equally. The lack of opportunities especially on the side of the less fortunate, results in a lack of morals. This is because they are willing to do anything to have those chances. Some end up finding their lack but most never do and may end up detesting the well-off (Clark,2000). This usually leads to cases of bad behavior e.g. bullying, pickpocketing, petty thieves and even drug and substance abuse. In cases of college teenagers, the inequality among the students may cause some of them to be involved in exam malpractices (Peterson,2013). To them, it is available means to excel in class and make a better life for them especially if they come from poor backgrounds. The solution, therefore, as a probation officer, is to encourage the community that, even though people may be in different social classes, the general cohesion and togetherness of the people should be maintained (Nowinski, 2007). The other things would be to encourage them to ensure equal opportunity for everyone and prevent discrimination against because of anything. Be it because of their sexual orientation, gender, race, social class or anything,

The Traditional Malay House

The Traditional Malay House This study is to analyze the modern traditional vernacular Malay house. How is the origin Malay house being transform into modern vernacular houses and what is the effect of contemporary materials. The kampong Baru is located in the capital city of Malaysia, Kuala lumpur. This is a reserved area for the Malay ethnic groups. From the case study will found out the climatic effect of using contemporary materials in the traditional Malay house by the following questions: 1: How is the climate of Malaysia? 2: How did the climatic factors of Malaysia influence the design of the traditional vernacular Malay house? 3: How did the traditional vernacular Malay house being modernization? 4: What are the climatic effects on the modern vernacular Malay house? Introduction In this paper, is to study and analyze the influences of Malaysia climatic factors on the design of the traditional vernacular Malay houses. Basically it is part of the research on the climatic effects on the contemporary construction materials in the traditional vernacular Malay houses in Malaysia. The study is more focused on the adaption of the local climate on the traditional vernacular Malay houses and how the building was transformed into modern vernacular Malay houses through the modernization process also the effects of using modern construction materials in the modern vernacular Malay houses. During the early 20th century, modernization and colonization periods the British had brought multiracial immigrants into Malaya. Then, Malaysia defines as a multiracial country that included Malays, Chinese, Indian and others. During the colonization period, multiracial group is staying separately. The majority staying in countryside mostly is Malays group and the Chinese and Indian were staying in the city. The Malay racial group depends heavily on the environment. Villages can be established even a single traditional Malay house and the additional houses came later. Normally, the buildings that built closely together were usually family members. The most significant characteristics of traditional vernacular Malay house are the adaption natural climatic factors in Malaysia. The traditional vernacular Malay house defines as a richest component of Malaysia cultural heritage. The buildings built with local materials and local techniques. Mostly, the occupant will participated in the process of design and construct, it is to manifest the aesthetic skills of the Malays. The site planning of the building based largely on Islamic beliefs and its environment. The layout was split into two parts, front and back yards. Obviously, front part will be the welcoming guest area and it is decorated with different types of ornamental plants and flowers. Back yard is the area linked to kitchen and washroom and it is placed near water, as the kitchen needs intense water usage. The marital status also reflected the architectural style of the building because of the Islamic beliefs. The house form had developed and modified over a long period to satisfy most of the cultural, occupants needs and circumstances changes. The traditional Malay houses are bamboo or timber houses raised on stilts (timber). The building mostly is a post and lintel structure with timber or bamboo walls and a thatched gabled shape roof. There are always large openings on the sides of the building to providing good ventilation. From a distance the traditional Malay house seems to integrate naturally with the environment. The large gabled shape roofs, dominates the low walls and with different orientations and sizes created an interesting visual form. Overall the Malay house is designed to cater the local climatic factors by various ventilation and local materials that are low thermal capacity materials. Besides the well adaption to the environment, the design of the traditional Malay houses are flexible is to cater the needs of user and it evolved a building system called prefabricated. Th e building has developed a sophisticated addition system that allows the building can be easily extended with the needs of the occupants. There were various traditional Malay house forms can be found in Peninsular Malaysia. Normally, they classified based on the shapes of roof. The basic forms of Malay house are called the bumbung panjang, bumbung lima, bumbung limas and bumbung perak. The most common design of the Malay house form was bumbung panjang that with a simple long gable roof, supported by the main posts. The bumbung panjang is the simplest one of the four roof shapes and it is an oldest identified in Malaysia. The bumbung panjang form became most popularity used on the Malay house among the poorer users and those built the buildings by themselves. Due to the bumbung panjang house form, it is simplicity and become a very efficient roof shape for the building. Mostly the material used for the bumbung panjang is attap. Attap is a thatch covered and tied together with nipah and others palm trees that can easily found in the local area. The simple funnel shape of bumbung panjang roof is a very efficient in ventil ation properties. The roof can cools the house effectively is because of using the ventilation grilles at the ends of the gable called tebarlayar and the ventilation joints to provide better ventilation. Besides the bumbung panjang, the bumbung lima, bumbung limas, and bumbung perak are all not origin tradition roof shapes, it has modified and developed through foreign influence. Furthermore, the bumbung lima Malay house always with a hipped roof, the bumbung perak Malay house form always with a gambrel roof and the bumbung limas house always with a pyramidal roof. Hence, they are two type of houses believed that were influenced by Dutch and British architecture during the colonization. Lastly the bumbung perak house form also known as the bumbung potongan Belanda which is a type of Dutch roof and it is a famous roof in East Coast. Originally, spaces in traditional Malay houses can be separated into front part and back portion. Therefore, the core house (rumah ibu) or main area must be at the front and the kitchen (Dapur Rumah Tengah) area will be on the back portions of the house. The selang is a closed walkway covered by leaves and used to be a linking device for the front and back portions. The selang is providing good ventilation and natural sunlight entering the house. Besides the location of the side entrance to the kitchen, it is also a space for womenfolk to socialize and chat. Most of the traditional Malay houses entrance there will be a covered porch called the anjung that acts as a transition place between the private and public spaces. The anjung will only used to entertain the unfamiliar visitors and it is a favorite space for the users to chat and rest. This floor was approximately 0.5 to 1 meter lower than the rumah ibu floor level. Beside the anjung was a hanging verandah (serambi gantung) wher e most of the guests will be entertained here and it is a one step down from the main house around 15 centimeters. The openings in the serambi gantung provide good views to outside and allowing natural ventilation entering the place where usually occurred daily activities. At the serambi gantung area can easily observed the embellishments like carving and grill of openings, balustrades and wall panels. Next to serambi gantung was the rumah ibu, which is the core area and it is the largest area and can defined as multi purpose area for most activities were conducted here. The rumah ibu floor level was the highest and cleanliness area white the kitchen (dapur) was the lowest level and untidy area of the house. The main characteristics of traditional Malay vernacular houses are it is well designed to cater the Malaysia climate. From the Malay houses we can notice it is designed with a very good understanding for nature. In the traditional Malay societies, the villagers were directly obtain most of the resources from the natural environment for theirs building materials, food and medicines. To understand better on the influences of local climatic factors on the Malay houses, must first understand the local climate, thermal requirements comfort and the conditions of the environment that the building will build. Malaysia is located in central South-East Asia and has a tropical weather. Due to the latitude and longitude, it gives Malaysia a warm humid equatorial that influenced by monsoonal climate. The monsoon climate here comes twice a year, the first monsoon season comes during the summer season and the other comes during winter season. The differences between the two monsoon season are summ er season bring lots of rainfalls and winter monsoon does not brings rain and is generally dry. The annual rainfall was averaging 80 inches to 100 inches. Furthermore, the climate here gives hot summer and high humidity throughout the year. The temperature here holds around 24 Celsius to 34 Celsius, which gives warm days and fairy cool nights. The annual humidity level was averaging about 75% or above. The high humidity climate causes the very high water vapour in the air. It can filter the solar radiation but it also speeded up the rotting, and the growth of algae. The local wind only comes in from northeast and southwest these two directions. Normally winds are in low variable speed, high variable speed wind will only occur when rain. Hence, the local climatic factors here were high temperatures, humidity and solar radiation. Based on the local climatic factors the building built here should able to achieve the thermal comfort. Therefore, rain, floods and strong winds must be control to achieve thermal comfort in Malaysia Malay houses. For thermal comfort, heat will produce from the human activities and metabolic process. The metabolic process will balance and maintain the body temperature (37celcius). The heat will release during the metabolism process of conversion of good into energy. The heat loss through convection, conduction and radiation can be negligible is due to the local temperature are almost same as the body temperature. Similarly, the perspiration is reduced and the body temperature is decreasing because of the high humidity. The saturated air envelope blocks the evaporation from the human body and it is easily form especially in humid climate. In the building ventilation is important because air fl owing can removed the saturated air envelope in order to accelerate evaporation. Similarity, a building without any ventilation, it will increase the temperature and humidity to an uncomfortable conditions. The main sources of body heat gaining are the local climatic factors conduction from the building fabric. Direct solar radiation is the main sources of body heat gaining, thus the proper design of controlling the direct solar radiation entering the building is the most important to achieve thermal comfort. Besides that, the type of materials used is one of the major sources because the high thermal capacity materials will absorbed heat and emitted to the interiors buildings. Therefore, heat gain from solar radiation must be minimized and maximized the ventilation in order to achieve the human thermal comfort in the house. Obviously, the traditional Malay vernacular house is well local climatic control building and it also influences by the local climatic factors. A local design of Malay house must have the following factors must raised up on stilts (timber), large opening on side, use low thermal capacity building materials (wood,timber,rattan,bamboo), controlling the direct sun radiation, a long thatched steep gable roof by attap , site planning and site layout. From the design of traditional Malay vernacular house, it is a very appropriate design to cater the tropical climate of Malaysia and it is more suitable to the Malaysia climate compared to the modern brick house. The raised up floor in traditional Malay house is maximizing the ventilation in the house as well as preventing the monsoonal rain floods. The raised floor is hardly seen in most modern house and the quality of openness in the building is shown by the voids in its window, ventilation grills, the open raised up bottom and the open int eriors. There are various features providing effective ventilation in Malay house. The purpose of elevated the floor on stilts is to catch high velocity of winds and the interiors with minimum partitions is to maximize the cross ventilation occur in the building. Normally, full-length opening and fully adjustable windows or louvers will surround the traditional Malay house. The carved panels on the top of the windows and wooden grilles also an important ventilation device. Behind the ventilation, the craving on wooden panels controlled the glare entering the house and it also representing the Islamic scripts. There are two effective ventilation devices on a simple gable roof. They are the sail-like gable-end (tebar layar) of the roof and the ventilation joints called patah both are very effective ventilation to direct air to ventilate the roof space. The houses in village are randomly arranged and planting the tree wisely around the house to allow natural flow through the building a nd integrated harmoniously with nature. The Malay house mostly built far apart for future extension to fulfill the needs of occupant. In the traditional Malay house, there are more voids than mass and it is a lightweight construction using natural materials to cater the local climate. The natural materials define as low thermal capacity materials and it is a very good in insulating. The long thatched roof with large overhands in traditional Malay house has reduced the solar radiation and it also designed to reduce direct sunlight. The low walls and large overhangs in Malay house, it make the shading easier and reduced the solar radiation also the glare from he open skies. Besides providing good shading, the large overhangs also gives protection against driving rain. The walls and overhangs have allowed the windows to be open in different situation weather. In addition, the external environment of Malay house mostly covered and shaded with trees or vegetation. This provides a cooler environment and lessened the reflective of glare for the house to set in. Traditionally, most of the Malay houses are oriented to face East-West for religious reasons and reduces direct exposure to heat from direct solar radiation. Nowadays, most of the traditional vernacular Malay houses are being transforming into modern Malay house throughout the modernization period. The Malay houses were modernized due to the stress from urban redevelopment and sociality changes. The new Malay houses has different spatial layout also the used of construction materials and technique. Based on the case studies, the Malay houses in the kampong bharu were transformed the roof, wall, pillar and window. The external environment has also changes is hardly to see high and tall trees only short trees are planted there due to the limited space of the compound. The short and small trees also blocked most of the natural airflow passes through the house. Besides the changes of external environment, the interior of Malay houses was transformed into more walls to divide the rooms and spaces. The cross ventilation and natural air movement were reduced due to the mass partitioning walls inside the house. As I mentioned above, the roof is the most significant feature because the Malay house were categorized based on their roof types. The Malay house in the kampong mostly used bumbung panjang compared than the other 3 types of roof. This is because the type of roof is easier to construct and cheaper. From the site I have found some houses actually using different roof for theirs main and secondary roofs. The most famous combination types of roof in kampong are bumbung perak with bumbung panjang and bumbung panjang with bumbung panjang. The long gable steep roof has become gentler for the sloping degrees and regarding the tebar layar on the gable ends of the roof were modified the design or closed with wall panels. Traditionally, attap or wooden shingles were the main materials of the roof but generally now modern construction materials were often used than the traditional materials. Besides the transformation of roof, the walls and the openings also modified due to introduce of new arc hitecture during the colonization period. The traditional wall is made by bamboo and the traditional arrangements of wallboard were totally modified. The shuttered windows on the wall are one of the significant features to show the characteristic of Malay house. The faade of the Malay house can be separated into 3 parts, the carved wooden panels providing better ventilation mostly at the top part above the window, while the window or adjustable louvers always built at the middle and bottom parts. There are some Malay house walls still using the timber board but in the modern construction brick walls are replaced the traditional bamboo or timber board wall is due to the maintenance and long lasting problems. There are 3 main types of windows such as the short window (tingkap), the tall window (jendela) and the punched window. The aesthetic wooden balustrades behind the windows are being used for safety purposes. In origin of window pattern, the jendela and tiangkap window have a key feature to classify the windows pattern called Jenang pintu. Although, the windows in Malay house has the traditional elements but the proportion of the window has modified to slimmer and became closer of the gap between the windows. The western punched glass window was adopted modern glass louvers to maximizing the ventilation while maintaining the safety of the house. The traditional stilts are no longer in use since pillars are a very important structural to support load from the house. In general, the brick and reinforced concrete pillar were often used, with the increasing of concrete pillar heights spaces of underneath became more efficient. In the modern vernacular Malay house only used concrete pillars and the underneath is usually walled to fulfill the needs of user. The transformation of wooden pillars to concrete pillars is due to the concrete pillars is more suitable for supporting the loads. After brought in the modern construction materials like zinc, cement, brick, glazing and aluminum louvers window into traditional Malay house has modified the traditional house forms and side effects of the high thermal capacity materials. The high thermal capacity materials are not suitable in local climate example like the zinc and asbestos roofs in Malay houses are generated more noise during the rains fall and gives a very hot interiors during the day. Besides the climatic effects the used of modern materials also causes the diminishing of traditional aesthetic skills and techniques of creating the complicated thatched attap roof. Other than used of zinc and asbestos materials, the bricks, cement and concrete are better materials use for creating walls especially the wet area parts and stronger structures for the house. Some of the Malay house has a closed underneath to create the house to double-storey house. Such change has transformed the light and airy Malay house into solid looking building. The full-length wooden window has been replace by the adjustable glass louvers window with aluminum frames. The louvers window has modified the traditional windows into smaller and closed the bottom part of the window. It causes the less efficiency of ventilation. The iron bar in louver window is for safety purpose but it totally destroyed the quality of openness in traditional Malay house. Throughout the studies, the traditional vernacular Malay house was design to cater the local climate and it is one of the richest components of Malaysia cultural heritage. Besides the adaption of local climatic factors the houses also reflected the Islamic belief. The houses were developed and modified until it satisfies the user. Based on the research they are various house form in Malaysia, they only can be classified based on the roof types. Overall the traditional Malay house was adapted to the local climate and it is design such as random spatial layout, raised up floor, full-length windows and high-insulated roof. The shading tress and vegetation around the house also helps to cool down the temperature in the house. The orientation of house facing to east and west was influences by the religions reason and it helps reduced the direct sun light radiation. In the modern vernacular Malay house was transformed and modified to fulfill the needs of occupant but it still maintained the traditional roof shapes. The used of modern materials was directly changed the house form and brought climatic effects into the house. Secondly, introduce of modern materials the lightweight construction Malay house has transformed into more solid looking building and it also causes the diminishing of traditional skills. Overall, the sustainably in modern vernacular Malay house was transformed and also the traditional house forms were changed.

The Actual Meaning of My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke Essay example

The Actual Meaning of "My Papa's Waltz" by Theodore Roethke Poetry is made to express the feelings, thoughts, and emotions of the poet. The reader can interpret the poem however they see fit. Critics are undecided about the theme of Theodore Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz." Some people believe that the poem is one of a happy exchange between a father and son. The more convincing interpretation is that it has a hidden message of parental abuse. Careful analysis of the keywords and each individual stanza back up this theory of child abuse by a violent and drunken father. The word that is key to the poem is romp. Roethke states that "we romped until the pans / slid from the kitchen shelf" (5-6). The word is usually associated with happy, boisterous, and energetic running around or dancing. A second definition is rough, lively play. Alcohol would cause a person to act in such a harsh manner. In athletics, a romp is an easy victory over an easy opponent. This means one side is clearly superior and beats the competition with fury and ease. The father could be viewed as a dominating and overpowering force to a small child. The younger son could not possible fight back to his bigger father especially with the added influence of liquor. Further reading of the poem will back up that meaning of the poem is to illustrate parental abuse. The first stanza sets the scene with clear imagery. The father appears to be in a heavily drunken state because the son can smell the "whiskey on your breath" (1). The reader knows the drinking is excessive because it almost made the boy dizzy. Clearly, the father is in a heavenly drunken state because someone else is feeling the effects of his drinking. Critics will ague that the son was enjoying ... ... is a happy time between a father and his child. Through careful reading, that interpretation is not valid. In 1948, actions such as this may have been a part of life. Maybe that is why Roethke wrote the poem this way because the event was probably happening in many households and people then could identify with this. Because of the vivid imagery, the reader can feel the boy's pain and fear of his father. In this case, the waltz is not a bonding time between a father and his son. People now would identify with the son and find a hatred for the father because of the mental and physical toll this could have on a child. The father does his dance by "waltzing" all over his son. Works Cited Roethke, Theodore. "My Papa's Waltz." Discovering Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays. Ed. Hans P. Guth and Gabriel L. Rico. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997, 536.